CLINICAL CHEMISTRY – IMMUNOLOGY

Antinuclear Antibody (Anti-nDNA)
Anti-nDNA antibodies are among the most frequently detected autoantibodies that are associated with SLE. Antibodies against native DNA are more than specific markers for the disease; they are also suitable parameters for measuring lupus disease activity.

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
The AFP test is especially important for women who are at high risk of having children with birth defects.  This test can also help diagnose and monitor certain liver conditions, such as liver cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis and several other cancers.

Albumin, Serum
Measurement of albumin in serum is used to screen and help diagnose a liver disorder or kidney disease; sometimes to evaluate nutritional status, especially in hospitalized patients. 

Amylase, Serum
Amylase blood test is primarily to diagnose and monitor acute pancreatitis; sometimes to diagnose and monitor chronic pancreatitis or other pancreatic diseases.

Antibody to Hepatitis B Antigen (Quantitative – Anti-HBs)
The detection of antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen is useful as a measure of vaccine-induced immunity and immunity due to infection.

Antibody to Hepatitis A IgG/IgM (Qualitative – Anti-HAV IgG/IgM)
This test is intended to be used as a screening test and provide a preliminary test result to aid in the diagnosis of Hepatitis A virus infection. This test also detects both recent and past exposure to Hepatitis A.

Antibody to Hepatitis A IgM (Quantitative – HAVAB IgM)
The detection of Anti-HAV IgM is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of acute or recent hepatitis A viral infection.

Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen IgG/IgM (Anti-HBc IgG/IgM)
The anti-HBc II assay is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Hepatitis B infection and as a screening test to prevent transmission of Hepatitis B virus to recipients of blood, blood components, cells tissues and organs.

Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen IgM (Anti-HBc IgM)
This test is useful for the detection of IgM-class antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen as a measure of acute infection.

Antibody to Hepatitis C (Qualitative – Anti-HCV) 
This qualitative test is used to screen and diagnose a Hepatitis C virus infection.

Antibody to Hepatitis C (Quantitative – Anti-HCV)
The anti-HCV test is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Hepatitis C infection and as a screening test to prevent transmission of Hepatitis C virus to recipients of blood, blood components, cells, tissue and organs.

Antibody to HBe Antigen (Anti-HBe) 
This test is a qualitative detection of antibody to Hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) and is indicated as an aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of Hepatitis viral infection.

Anti-HIV 1/2 (Qualitative)
The qualitative test of HIV is used to screen Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.

Beta-hCG, Total  – Available Soon 
This is a quantitative hCG test  that measures the amount of Beta-hCG actually present in the blood. Beta HCG determination aids in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), testicular tumors, ovarian germ cell tumors, teratomas, and, rarely, other human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-secreting tumors.

Bilirubin, Direct
This is known as the “conjugated bilirubin“. High blood levels indicate obstructive or hepatocellular origin of the jaundice.

Bilirubin, Indirect 
This is known as the “unconjugated bilirubin“.  A high levelof it in the blood is indicative of hemolysis or a lack  of bilirubin clearance by the liver.

Bilirubin, Total  
This is a blood test that measures the amount of a substance called bilirubin. This test is used to find out how well your liver is working.  It may be used to help determine the cause of jaundice and/or help diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the bile ducts.

Complement C3 
This test will help in the diagnosing  and monitoring treatment of certain diseases. One of the diseases that commonly involves abnormal C3 is systemic lupus erythematosus, or lupus, an autoimmune disorder.

CA 125 
A CA 125  test may be used to monitor certain cancers during and after treatment. In some cases, A  CA 125 test may be used to look for early signs of ovarian cancer in people with a very high risk of the disease.

CA 19-9 
A high amount of CA 19-9 is most commonly caused by pancreatic cancer. But it can also be caused by the other cancers and by infections in your liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Calcium, Total
Calcium is needed for blood clotting and is crucial for the formation, density, and maintenance of bones. This test measures the amount of calcium in the blood.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
Increased levels may be found in patients with primary colorectal cancer or other malignancies including medullary thyroid carcinoma and breast, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostatic cancers.

Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen 
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection. Infection may lead to tubal pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility.

Chloride, Serum 
This test will determine if there is a problem with your body’s electrolyte balance or acid-base (pH) balance and to monitor treatment; as part of a routine health checkup.

Cholesterol, Total  
It is the overall amount of cholesterol found in your blood.  Too much of it raises your risk of heart attack, stroke, and atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol HDL 
It is known as the “ good cholesterol “. The test for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol  is used as part of a lipid profile to screen for unhealthy levels of lipids and to determine an individual’s risk of developing heart disease.

Cholesterol LDL 
It is known as the “ bad cholesterol “ . High levels of  LDL ( Low Density Lipoprotein ) cholesterol can lead to cardiovascular health problems.

Cholinesterase
It is blood test which measures the level of your cholinesterase which is responsible for the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is vital for the transmission of nerve impulses.

Cortisol
A blood test which checks your cortisol production levels and assess the functioning of the adrenal and pituitary glands.

Creatinine, Serum
It measures the blood creatinine level as a assessment of kidney function.

Creatinine, Urine (24 Hours)
In conjunction with serum creatinine, it is used to calculate the creatinine clearance, a measure of kidney function.

C – Reactive Protein, High-sensitivity (hs-CRP)
A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test, which is more sensitive than a standard test, can be used to assess your risk for a heart disease as well as to check for inflammation, which can indicate infection or a chronic inflammatory disease.

Dengue NS1/IgG/IgM
It allows rapid detection of Dengue virus on the first day of fever, before even antibodies appear.

Estradiol
It checks on concerns with puberty, fertility, menopause, and other conditions of the femaile reproductive system and can also show how well the ovaries are working. It’s also necessary for bone and joint health in females.

Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron, releasing it when your body needs it. A ferritin test will show how much iron your body is storing.

Free T3 (FT3)
It is used to aid in the evaluation of the thyroid gland function, to diagnose diseases, including hyperthyroidism, and determine the cause. It is also used for monitoring of treatment for patient with thyroid disorders

Free T4 (FT4)
It is used to aid in the evaluation of the thyroid gland function, to diagnose diseases, and determine the cause. It is also used to screen for hypothyroidism in newborn and to monitor effectiveness of treatment.

Folate/Folic Acid
It is a blood test which shows the level of Folic Acid in the body. Folic acid is imperative for the production of healthy red blood cells and is also essential for the normal development of a fetus.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This hormone is an important part of the reproductive system for both male and female. In females it helps in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, while in males it helps control the sperm production.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
This test is used to asses diseases of the liver and bile ducts. It can also be used to differentiate between liver and bone disease when there is a case of elevated Alkaline Phosphatase. It is also used to screen or observe for alcohol abuse. 

Glucose 2-Hour Postprandial (2-hour PPG)
This test measures a person’s blood sugar levels exactly two hours after a meal. On normal people, glucose levels should be back to normal after two hours but those with diabetes might have elevated results.

Glucose (After 75g Glucose Load) – 75gOGTT
A glucose tolerance test measures how well your body’s cells are able to absorb glucose, after you ingest a 75 grams sugar. A two-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used to test for diabetes.

Glucose, Fasting (FBS)
A test that requires 6 to 8 hours of fasting that measures the amount of glucose in your blood.

Glucose, Capillary (CBS)
It is random blood test using a glucometer to check glucose levels that is done by pricking the finger to draw a small drop of blood.

Glucose, Random (RBS)
It is a non-fasting blood glucose test measure the glucose level on the automated machine using serum blood.

Glycosylated Hgb/ Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c)
This test monitors the long-term control of diabetes mellitus.

HBsAg (Qualitative)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Qualitative test is a screening test performed to aid in the diagnosis of possible Hepatitis B infection.

HBsAg (Quantitative)
The HBsAg quantitative assay records the amount of hepatitis B surface antigen in a patient’s blood.

HBeAg
HBeAg is the hepatitis B envelope antigen. This is used to detect HBeAg antigen present in a blood sample.

HIV Ag/Ab (Quantitative)
This is used as an aid in the diagnosis of HIV-1/HIV-2 infection, including acute or primary HIV-1 infection. The assay may also be used as an aid in the diagnosis of HIV-1/HIV-2 infection in pediatric subjects (i.e., children as young as two years of age) and in pregnant women. HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay is not intended for use in screening blood or plasma donors.

Iron, Serum
This test is used to determine blood iron level to help diagnose iron-deficiency anemia or iron overload.

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
This test measures the amount of LDH in the blood to help detect a condition causing tissue damage, such as a blood or liver disease, and to monitor its progress; to help stage, determine prognosis, and/or response to treatment of certain cancers; to help evaluate body fluid (other than blood)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
An LH blood test measures the amount of LH in your blood, this is usually requested by doctors for women in relation to fertility.

Malaria (Qualitative)
This is screening test  to detect the presence of malaria antigen  in a sample of a person’s blood

Phosphatase, Acid (ACP)
This laboratory testing measures  the  amount  of  acid  phosphatase  in  a  person’s  blood.

Phosphatase, Alkaline (ALP)
A test used to differentiate liver and bone diseases in patients with increased alkaline phophatase. It is also used as a  tumor marker. 

Phosphorus
This test is ordered to see how much phosphorus is in your blood. Kidney, liver, and certain bone diseases can cause abnormal phosphorus levels.

Potassium, Serum
Evaluate electrolyte balance. Potassium concentrations are part of regular assessment of acid – base balance, management of intravenous therapy, and evaluation of patients with hypertension.

Prostate-specific Antigen, Total (Total PSA)
It is the best, most accurate and most useful marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate and is extremely useful in monitoring pre surgical as well as post surgical patients. It is useful for monitoring progression and response to treatment among patients with prostate cancer.

Protein, Total (Serum)
Total protein test is routinely used to help evaluate a person’s amount albumin and globulin in your body. The test can help diagnose a number of health conditions including: kidney disease, liver disease, and malnutrition.

Protein, Urine
Measures the amount of protein in urine. To screen for excess protein in the urine, to help evaluate and monitor kidney function, and to detect kidney damage.

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
A rapid diagnostic screening test for syphilis. This test detects the nonspecific antibodies that your body produces to fight the infection. 

Rheumatoid Factor , Qualitative
This test is primarily used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to help distinguish RA from other forms of arthritis or other conditions that cause similar symptoms.

Salmonella IgG/IgM
This is to detect an infection caused by Salmonella by testing a sample of your blood.

Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT/AST)
An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. The blood SGOT levels are thus elevated with liver damage or with an insult to the heart, although some medications can also raise SGOT levels.

Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT/ALT)
An enzyme found mostly in the liver that’s why it is often part of liver function testing.

Sodium, Serum

Syphilis (Qualitative)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

Total T3 (TT3)
Total T3 (TT3), this test measures the total (both free and bound T3) amount of the hormone T3 (triiodothyronine) in the bloodstream. This test is performed to check how well the thyroid gland is functioning. 

Total T4 (TT4)
Total T4 (TT4), this test measure the total (both free and bound T4) amount of the hormone T4 (thyroxine) in the bloodstream. This hormone plays a role in growth and metabolism. This test is performed to assess how the thyroid is functioning and to help detect imbalances with the thyroid, like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Triglyceride
Triglycerides are a type of fat in your body. Triglycerides test is typically a part of LIPID profile which assesses someone’s risk of developing heart disease. This test is also used to monitor the effectiveness of medication for diseases associated with high triglycerides level in the body.

Urea Nitrogen, Serum (BUN)
This test reveals important information about how well your kidneys and liver are working. A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that’s in your blood.

Uric Acid, Serum (BUA)
This test is used to detect high levels of uric acid compound in the blood in order to help diagnose gout.

Vitamin B12
This test is most often done when other blood tests suggest a condition called megaloblastic anemia.

Vitamin D
This  test may be requested when an individual is known to be at risk of vitamin D deficiency.